•-I I " • V’-X, V 

. ■» . * ••,' ' "u», • ^ 

■■1^ '■;... 


\ > 


fct ** • • . • 


J > 


S • 


/ • 








•» 

*-v 




4 « 


'f- 

■ T* . ’ 


k. 


*■ * r 






.y 


y . 

I. •• . 


‘‘A 


> , 

■ 


■LP 


"N 


\ 


i , 


. P 


I 




■• »' 


j<' 




.1 


> 


A . 


•:] ., 






.-{ 


,'<J 

« 


f' 


J- 



‘•P 




'J/ 

? • 

S ‘ 

9 ^ 


.A 4 


< * 






/ 




»* * >• 

< n 


. » r * 




» i. 


> '?»■ u 
^ Jv 




r* 




^ r<\> ■^ 


\ 4 i-^ i : 






' ^ V V/ V ‘H ^ 








. 4 ^’ 


i 


/w 











_ THE SCHOOL B VLLETIN P UBLlCA TJONS - 

_ ___ ___ __ 

Books for Teacliing History. 

l. A Worldng Manual of American History for Teachers and Students. 

By Prof. Wm. II. Mack. Ifinio, pp. 297. 
Cloth, $1.00 ; manilla, 50 cts. 

(1) It outlines the subject to 1870, 
showing phases of institutional life so 
as to reveal the organizing principle in 
each. (2) It gives abundant reference 
by volume and page to the leading au¬ 
thorities, making the book us.ible. when 
time is short and books art' scarce. {.3) 

It gives original material for study at 
first hand, sets original problems, makes 
history real, and causes students to 
think. 

2. Toyics and References in United 
States History. By Geo. A. Williams. lOmo, pp. 181. ( loth, $1.00; ma¬ 
nilla, .50 cts. 

The references are to magazines and to works written in popular style, 
with tlie idea that tlie first object is to awaken interest in the subject. 

3. An Outline Study of United States History. By IIaiilgv'- Godaud. 
Leatherette, IGmo, pp. ICO. 50 cts. 

It giv('s (1) an outline of leading events; (2) directions for studying each 
topic; (3) a list of books for reference; (4) a review at the close of each 
period. 

•i. A Thousand Questions in American History, with full Answers. Cloth. 
Ifimo, pp. 247. Price $1.00. 

This work shows rare breadth of view and discrimination, dealing not 
merely with events but with causes, and with the side-issues that have so 
much to do with determining the destiny of a nation. 

5: Helps in Fixing the Facts of American History. By Henry C. Nor- 
TiiAM. Cloth, lOmo, pp. 298. Price $1.00. 

6. Brief Views of U. S. History. By Anna M. .Juliand. 16mo, pp. •39, • 
35 cts. 

7. Dime Question Books, No. .5, General History, and No. 6, United States 
History and Civil Government. By Albert P. Soutiiwick. Paper, 16mo, 
pp. 37, 32. 10 cts. each. 

H. Chronological Tables, A Synchronistic Arrangement of the Events 
of Ancient History. By Arthur C. Jennings. Cloth, 8vo, pp. 136. $1.00. 

The range is from the foundation of Rome to the birth of Christ. In 
tables i-iv the student may see at a glance what political events in Palestine 
or the eastern monarchies occurred at the same time with those of Greek 
and Roman history. In tables v, vi he may see whatsta;re each country had 
reached at any period in science, legislation, and literature. 

C. W. BAKDEKN, Publisher, Syrat use, N. Y. 



/ 









i 




* 


♦ '4 


* 


• 4 ' 


t ‘ 


< 

4 


t 


), • 







I 






I 




/ ■ 


«'• 

s 


■?f 



« 


' ,' \ 

t < 


t 





J 



• 1 


4 






T 

4 





« 




I 





V. O lOO X- / 


yv - ^ 


THE 



1891-1900 


3EING ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THAT SUBJECT GIVEN DUKING THE 

4 

YEARS NAMED IN EXAMINATIONS CONDUCTED BY THE REGENTS 
OP THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AR¬ 
RANGED TOPICALLY, AND WITH FULL REFRENCES 
FOR ANSWERS TO BARDEEN’S CIVICS 


PREPARED BY 

C. W. BARDEKN 

n 

EDITOR OF THE SCHOOL BULLETIN 



SYRACUSE, N. Y. 

C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER 


Copyright, 1903, by C. W. Bardeen 




















i T \ : . ■ 

CON'^P' 

! HCP a IMf 

f 

I •■■A' PHvW !, 

rXrt TTo.j 

; y^7-^ \ 





nrrx- 






*•» . 

* 


c ( 
( 
f 


«. 


< <, 
< 
o c 
* < 

( c 


< 

< c 
< < 

< <. < 
i' < 


i ‘ * 

c ^ 
< < 




i 4 c 

c < < <. 

^ «. I 

‘ < < < C c 


<<t • I. \ 

< < < ^ 

i r ( ( < r 

c c * « 

c < £ ( # I 


• . 


(< f 


K 


•■ ■;.•:<■ P*' !. 

‘ * ^ < < < « I * < * < * £ 






< C ( 
< 

( c 
( 
( 




t 

t 

I 




PKEFACE 


In 1877 I began to publish the Regents questions 
with answers, printing from the beginning of the ex¬ 
aminations in 1865 to the date of each edition all the 
questions thus far put out in arithmetic, geography, 
grammar, and spelling, the only subjects then given. 
This was continued up to and including the examina¬ 
tion for June, 1882, when it was felt that the ques¬ 
tions for seventeen years gave sufficient indication of 
the work required, and in all editions since then the 
questions and answers have stopped with 1882. 

Since then, however, new subjects have been added, 
and the character of the questions has changed so 
much that it is felt desirable a new series should be 
prepared, and of that series this is the first volume. 
The period chosen is the decade from 1891 to 1900, 
and all the questions in civics given by the Regents 
during that period are here given. They are arranged 
by topics; and as showing which questions are consid¬ 
ered most important, when the same question has been 
given more than once a figure prefixed shows the num¬ 
ber of times it has been given. Thus the first ques¬ 
tion (page 9) has been given 5 times; the fifth has 
been given twice. No other question on that page has 
been given more than once. Hence the questions to 
which figures are prefixed are especially important and 
should receive careful attention. 

(5) 


6 REGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIYICS 

To these Regents questions I have added all the 
questions given during this period at the Uniform 
(shown by U. prefixed) and the State (shown by S, 
prefixed) examinations which covered ground not dis¬ 
tinctly taken up in the Regents questions; with some 
Miscellaneous (shown by M. prefixed) questions that 
seemed valuable, chiefiy such as suggested discussion. 
A few other questions without answers have been in¬ 
serted expressly for this purpose. 

As adequate answers on a subject like civics would 
make the book too bulky I have given references by 
page to Bardeen’s Civics, which will be found to give 
complete and comprehensive replies. The subjects 
are numbered to correspond with the chapters of that 
book, making this volume especially useful as a daily 
review in classes where that book is used. These 
questions may, however, be used with any text-hook, 
and will be of great value where the book used omits 
some of the facts here called for. 

Probably some teachers will be surprised to find how 
many of these questions will puzzle even classes that 
they consider well prepared; hut it is wiser to have 
pupils puzzled in class than in the final examination. 

Syracuse, Nov. 2, 1903 


CONTENTS 


Pagb 

The Towk. 9 

Powers of the Town. 10 

Town Officers.10 

Subdivisions of the Town.11 

The County.13 

County Officers.13 

The County Court.15 

The Village.16 

The City.17 

The State.18 

The Bill of Rights.20 

The Elective Franchise. .22 

Elections. 24 

Primary Meetings.25 

The Governor.25 

The Legislature.29 

History of Legislation in New York.29 

The Legislature as a whole.30 

The Houses separately.31 

Law-Making Powers.32 

How Laws are Made.33 

Legislative Committees.34 

Courts of Law.34 

The State Courts.34 

United States Courts.35 

Constitutionality of Statutes.36 

(7) 




























8 BEGEl^TS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 

Page 

Taxation.37 

The Common Schools....39 

Academies and Colleges.40 

The Confederation.40 

The National Constitution.41 

Relation of the Nation to the States.43 

Territories and New States.44 

The President.45 

Powers of the President.47 

Civil Service Reform.47 

The President’s Cabinet.48 

Congress.52 

House of Representatives. 54 

Senate. 56 

International Law.57 

Principles of Government.58 

Personal Rights. 61 

Property Rights. 62 

Crimes and Punishments.65 





















The Eegents Questions in Civics 1891-1900 


I, II The Towk 

5 Explain the origin and trace the development of 
the town as a unit of government. (22-27) 

Describe the development of the town in England. 
Account for the transference of the town to America. 
(22-26) 

Give historical facts showing the antiquity of the 
town, and explain the importance of the township form 
of local government. (22-27) 

Describe the New England township, and show in 
what respect it is direct government by the people. 
(24, 26, 27, 29, 61) 

2 Why is the township important ? (27) 

How are towns formed ? (25) 

What is the legislative body of a town ? (64, 556) 

How are the local laws of a town made in New York 
State ? (28) 

Mention two matters on which the town-meeting 
may legislate. (29) 

May a town in New York bond itself in aid of a 
railway ? (32) 

Give reasons for the provision in regard to this. (32) 

M. Have clans any power in modern life ? (22) 

What do we mean when we say a man has a clannish 
spirit? (22) 


( 9 ) 



10 BEGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 

III Powers oe the Town 

Define executive. (28) 

What is the limit in a civil action of the jurisdic¬ 
tion of a justice court ? (30) 

Define summons. (30) 

Discuss briefly the origin and influence of the town 
meeting. (26, 27) 

2 Describe the manner of carrying on a town meet¬ 
ing in New York. (30-33) 

How does it differ from a New England town meet¬ 
ing ? (29) 

U. State two objects of town-meetings. (28, 30) 

How often do they occur in this state ? (30) 


M, Where was your last town-meeting held ? When ? 
(31) 

What two courts are held by the justice of the 
peace ? (30) 


IV. Town Officers 

2 Describe the government of a town in this state, 
mentioning the principal officers with the duties of 
each. (34-47) 

3 Name three elective officers of a town in the state 
of New York, and mention two important duties of 
each. (34-47) 

Give the title of the chief executive officer of a town. 
(34) 

Give (a) the mode of election, (6) the length of 
term, (c) two duties, (d) manner of compensation of 
each of the following: 




TOWK OFFICEKS 


11 


2 supervisor, (34) 

3 town clerk, (35) 

3 justice of the peace, (36) 

5 assessor, (38) 

3 collector, (39) 
highway commissioner, (41) 

3 constable, (37) 
inspector of election. (48) 

Mention the length of term and the chief duties of 
town assessors. (34, 38) 

Give reason for the annual retirement of one mem¬ 
ber of the board. [This is not now the law, 569:- 
1890, §50.] (38) 

3 Name five elective town officers, and give one 
important duty of each. (34-47) 

Mention a town officer whose compensation for ser¬ 
vices (a) is a per diem salary; (6) is determined by 
fees; (c) is determined by certain percentages; (d) is 
determined by all three methods named herein, (a) 
41; (b) 37); (c) 40; (d) 35. 

3 Describe the provisions made in this state for the 
care of persons unable to support themselves. (40, 69) 
3 Describe the method by which public highways 
are cared for in rural districts of this state. (41, 49, 
70) 

What are the defects in these provisions ? (50) 

For discussion 

The town meeting is an illustration of the rule of 
the majority. What possible disadvantages may result ? 

V. Subdivisions of the Town 
Describe the process of opening and conducting the 


12 


EEGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


annual meeting of a common school district. (55-57) 

3 Name the officers of a common school district. 
(55-57) 

How often and by whom are they elected ? (54) 

Give one duty of each. (55-57) 

2 Give the title of the chief officer of a common 
school district. Mention 3 of his duties. (55) 

Give (a) mode of election, (6) length of term, (c) 
manner of compensation, (d) three duties of the school 
district collector. (54-56) 

3 Mention five different ways in which a person 
may become legally qualified to teach in this state. 
(55) 

What are the provisions of the law concerning tem¬ 
perance instruction in this state ? (55) 

State points of difference between a common school 
district and a union free school district. (57) 

Name the officers of a union free school district. 
(57) 

Describe the process of forming a union free school 
district. (57) 

Mention the chief differences between the powers 
of a board of education of a union school, and the 
powers of the trustees of a common school district. 
(57) 

S. Explain the transaction which resulted in creat¬ 
ing the office of loan commissioner. (74) 

For discussion 

Would it be better to do away with district govern¬ 
ment of schools, and manage them by town officers ? 


COUNTY OFFICERS 


13 


VI. The County 

2 Describe the development of the county in Eng¬ 
land and explain the modifications it has undergone on 
American soil. (59) 

2 Compare the county of this state with the shire 
of England. (60, 62) 

Explain the vital importance of the principle of 
representation. (62-64) 

Trace the development of the county from its intro¬ 
duction on American soil, and give an outline of the 
form it has assumed in this state. (59-64) 

Show the relation between town and county. (62-64) 

3 What is the legislative body of the county ? (64) 

2 For how long are its members elected ? (34) 

Who presides over this body ? (65) 

Mention three of its duties. (64, 65) 

State two matters on which it may legislate. (64, 65) 

U. Show that the town government is in the nature 
of a democracy, while that of a county is representa¬ 
tive. (62, 63) 

S, What is the basis of representation in the board 
of supervisors ? (63) 

VII. County Officers 

3 Describe the government of a county, touching 
on its legislative, executive, and judicial divisions. 
( 66 - 86 ) 

6 Name the officers of the county, and give the 
duties and length of term of each. (66-86) 

4 Name the chief executive officer of a county in 
the state of New York. (66) 

What is the length of his term of office ? (66) 


14 


KEGEITTS QUESTION’S IN’ CIVICS 


2 Give three of his important duties. (67) 

2 What county officer is not eligible to re-election ? 
Why this restriction, (66) 

2 Give (a) mode of election, (6) length of term, (c) 
manner of compensation, (d) 2 duties of the county 
clerk. (66, 68, 69) 

2 Give the same of the county treasurer. (66, 69) 

8 Give with reference to each of two of the follow¬ 
ing (a) mode of election, (6) length of term, (c) two 
duties, (d) manner of compensation: supervisor, 
county judge, school commissioner, sheriff, county 
clerk, county treasurer, district attorney. (66-78) 

The body of an unknown person is found floating 
in a stream. What officer should be notified? De¬ 
scribe the legal process that should be conducted. (67) 
2 Give the length of term, salary, and three duties 
of school commissioners in the rural sections of the 
state. (73) 

U. Name and give the length of term of the county 
officer elected for the longest term; for the shortest 
term. (66) [This officer referred to as elected for the 
shortest session was the justice of sessions; this office 
has been discontinued.] 

By what authority is the location or change of loca¬ 
tion of the county seat determined ? (65) 

2 Describe the different steps in the process of col¬ 
lecting a debt by a suit at law. (264-7) 

What is the limit in a civil action of the jurisdiction 
of a justice court ? of the county court? (30, 77) 

A claims that B owes him 1500 and refuses to pay it; 
describe the legal procedure necessary to collect the 
debt. (264-7) 


THE COUNTY COUKT 


15 


Describe the proceedings in an ordinary civil case. 
(264-7) 

Describe the course of proceedings that would be 
taken against a person accused of grand larceny. 
(276-8) 

U. The following are names of courts in the state 
of New York: county court, court of appeals, justice 
court, supreme court. Arrange these in order of rank. 
(291) 

In prosecution for felony 2 different juries act. De¬ 
scribe each as to (a) name, (6) number of members, 
(c) duties. (79-83) 

Are courts of any service to people who never came 
before them ? Give reason for your answer. (136-53) 

YIII The County Court 

What is the usual length of term of county officers 
in the state of New York ? (66) 

Mention one county officer whose term is longer, giv¬ 
ing a reason for this difference. (66, 262) 

Define jurisdiction. (77) 

2 State the limits of the jurisdiction of the county 
court in civil cases. (77) 

Mention two duties of the surrogate. (78) 

How is a district attorney elected in New York state ? 
How long is his term of office ? What are his duties 
in criminal cases ? (66, 78, 79) 

What are the functions of a grand jury ? of a petit 
jury ? Of how many persons is each composed ? 
(81-83) 

2 Give the smallest and the largest number of which 


16 


KEGEITTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


a grand jury may be composed. What are the duties 
of a grand jury ? (81-83) 

Give the substance of the constitutional provision 
regarding jury trial in civil cases. (81, 630) 

What is an indictment ? (82) 

Describe the process of finding an indictment. (82) 

2 Distinguish between a grand jury and a petit jury 
as to (a) number of members, (b) duties, (c) mode of 
conducting business. (81-83) 

U. Why should the sessions of the grand jury be 
private ? (82) 

State one argument for trial by jury and one against 
it. (79-81) 

Why should the departments of government be in¬ 
dependent? (482-5) 


M. When was your county organized ? Trace its 
history back. (See table, inside first cover.) 

Where is the county seat ? (See same table.) 

For discussion 

Why was that place chosen ? 

Could there be a better location ? 


How many towns in the county ? 

Which is the largest in area ? in population ? in 
valuation ? 

IX The Village 

2 What is an incorporated village ? (85) 

State the object of incorporation. (85) 

2 Define charter. (87) 




THE CITY 


17 


What are the principal purposes of village govern¬ 
ment ? (85) 

Mention 2 advantages that may result to a village 
from incorporation. Mention a possible disadvantage 
(87) 

Mention the official titles and state the principal 
duties of the chief officers of a village. (90-93) 
Explain the difference between the government of a 
town (political division) and that of a village. (95) 
Explain why the problems of local government are 
more difficult in a large city than in a village. (94, 95) 
State the provisions of the constitution in relation 
to the time of election of city officers in cities of the 
1st and 2d classes. Give a reason for this provision. 
( 102 ) 

X The City 
What is a city ? (97) 

How does a city derive its powers of local govern¬ 
ment ? (101) 

Define city charter. (87) 

Mention 3 topics treated of in a city charter. (99) 
What are the constitutional restrictions in this state 
on legislation concerning cities ? (103) 

Give the reason for such restrictions. (103) 

State in substance the provisions of the state consti¬ 
tution regarding any bill passed by the legislature for 
a special city law? (103) 

State the object of incorporating a city. (87, 99) 
Show wherein the city differs from a village. (95, 98) 
What advantages would a village gain by becoming 
a city ? (94) 


18 


REGEN'TS QUESTION’S IN’ CIVICS 


2 Why does a city require a government different 
from that of a rural district ? (87, 99) 

4 Give in substance the provisions of the constitu¬ 
tion of New York regarding classification of cities. 
( 101 ) 

3 Why should cities be so classified ? (101) 

Describe the government of a city of one of these 

classes. (110) 

W^hat is the name of the legislative body of a city ? 
(98) 

What are its enactments called ? (95) 

Mention four important matters on which it may 
legislate. (99) 

Give the title of the chief executive officer of a 
city. (102) 

Give arguments for or against state control of the 
police departments of large cities. (235) 

Describe the local government of the town, village, 
or city in which you live. Give name of place. Men¬ 
tion title and duties of each of 3 local officers. 

U. Why is a representative form of government 
necessary in a city and not in a town ? (94, 95) 

XII The State 

2 Define state. (118) 

Define sovereignty. (118, 293) 

What is the source of power of the state govern¬ 
ment ? (119) 

What is the fundamental law of this state, and how 
is it established ? (132) 

Could the same power establish a monarchial govern¬ 
ment for the state ? Give reasons. (347) 


THE STATE 


19 


4 Define constitution. (119) 

Mention the first written constitution in history. 

( 120 ) 

Define statute law. (132, 254) 

Distinguish between a constitution and a statute 
law. (132) 

State the advantages to a people of government un¬ 
der a constitution. Illustrate by reference to the 
government of the United States. (128-131) 

Describe the process by which the last revision was 
made. (135) 

By what authority was this revision finally estab¬ 
lished ? (135) 

2 Mention two important amendments passed by the 
constitutional convention of 1894. (135) 

Discuss the importance of one of these measures. 
(630-76) 

Give the substance of the provisions of the state 
constitution relating to (a) common schools, (6) state 
canals, (c) civil service, (a) 667, (6) 662, (c) 650) 
Show how our present constitution was made and 
established. (133) 

2 How may it be amended? (134) 

3 What are the provisions of the constitution for its 
revision ? (134) 

When will the next revision be made ? (134) 

C7. Define preamble. (339) 

S, What is a sovereign state ? (118) 

Is New York a sovereign state ? Explain. (132, 
336-7) 


20 


EEGBJ^TS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


M, Do you belong to any society that has a consti¬ 
tution ? Have you ever read it ? 

Where is the New York constitution kept ? (200) 
Has your teacher authority derived from the state 
constitution ? How ? (667) 

XIII The Bill of Eights 
Define right. (136) 

Mention two classes of rights and give two examples 
of each class. (136) 

12 Define civil right, political right. Give two ex¬ 
amples of each. (136) 

Distinguish between civil rights and political rights. 
Mention 3 civil rights. (136-153) 

2 Define bill of rights. (136) 

2 Define civil liberty. (143) 

Define slander. (144) 

Define real estate. (147) 

Define personal property. (151) 

Mention 3 natural rights of man, and state 2 ways 
in which these rights are limited. (137-147) 

2 State the substance of the constitutional pro¬ 
vision regarding search-warrants, and explain the im¬ 
portance of this provision. (139) 

4 Define eminent domain. (150, 80) 

Define bail, fee simple. (141, 531) 

4 What is meant by a writ of habeas corpus ? 
(138) 

Explain the importance of this writ, as a protection 
to the right of personal liberty. (138) 

3 What is meant by ex-post facto law ? (139) 


THE BILL OF RIGHTS 


21 


Why are such laws prohibited by the constitution ? 
(139) 

State the substance of that provision of the consti¬ 
tution of the United States which insures religious 
freedom. (145) 

Give the substance of a provision of the United 
States constitution that insures (a) personal liberty; 
(6) protection of private property. (136-152) 

Mention 3 privileges under the constitution to which 
a person accused of crime is entitled. (138-143) 

What provision is there in the federal constitution 
regarding freedom of speech and of the press ? Dis¬ 
cuss briefly the reason for this provision. (144) 

A break in the banks of the Erie canal causes the 
destruction of a farmer’s property. Who would be 
responsible for the loss and what steps could be taken 
to recover damages ? (206) 

S. By the right of eminent domain the government 
may take away private property without the consent 
of the owner. Show why this is just. (150) 

M, Have all the people of the country equal civil 
rights ? (495, 348) 

Have they all equal political rights? (348) 

For discussion 

In 1798, under the excitement of hostile relations 
with France, congress passed an alien act (repealed 
in 1800) authorizing the president to order out of the 
country all such aliens as he might judge to be dan¬ 
gerous to the peace and safety of the United States; 
and a sedition act (repealed in 1801), providing 
heavy fines and penalties for all who should conspire 


22 


EEGEKTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


to oppose the government or its laws, or who should 
print or publish any false, scandalous, or malicious 
writings against the government, congress, or the presi¬ 
dent, intended to bring them into disrepute or stir up 
sedition (from Latin sed, aside, ire to go). The repub¬ 
lican party regarded these laws as unconstitutional, 
subversive of certain constitutional rights. Which 
rights? (136-146) 

Congress passed an act (1862, 1865) requiring all 
ofiScers of the United States, including attorneys 
practising in United States courts, to take a test oath. 
The supreme court decided the act to be unconstitu¬ 
tional because it violated two personal rights. Which 
two were they ? (136-146) 

XIY The Elective Franchise 

4 Give the constitutional qualifications of a voter in 
New York. (154) 

Show the importance of two of these qualifica¬ 
tions. (155-161) 

5 Define citizen. (155) 

4 Define alien. (155) 

3 Define naturalization. (155) 

2 Define bribery. (160) 

To what extent is immigration now restricted ? (161) 

What is the object of the restrictions ? (161) 

What class of foreigners are refused citizenship in 
the United States ? Why ? (161) 

7 Explain the process of naturalization in New 
York. (156) 

Is the process uniform in all the states ? (156) 

What differences exist in the duties, rights and 


THE ELECTIVE FRANCHISE 


23 


privileges of aliens, naturalized citizens, and natural- 
born citizens ? (155) 

Women, aliens, infamous criminals, idiots, and 
lunatics are excluded from voting. Give reasons for 
or against the exclusion in each case. (155-161) 

Should paupers be allowed to vote ? Give reasons. 
(159) 

To what extent are women permitted to vote ? (154) 
U, State 2 personal and 3 residence qualifications of 
a voter in this state. (154) 

How many years must a foreigner have been a resi¬ 
dent of the United States before he is entitled to file 
his declaration of his intention to become a citizen ? 
(156) 

How many years after making this declaration be¬ 
fore he can become fully naturalized ? (156) 

Give the chief reasons for and against an educational 
qualification for a voter. (161) 

S, Give one argument in favor of the present system 
of suffrage; one in favor of further restricting the 
right. (161) 

Name 2 acts on the part of a voter which may ex¬ 
clude him from the right of suffrage. (160) 

What are the qualifications for voting at any general 
election or town-meeting ? (154) 

What additional qualifications are required to entitle 
one to vote at school district meetings ? (53) 


M. How may a citizen lose his right to vote ? (160) 
How may he lose his right to vote at a particular 
election ? (158) 



24 


REGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIYICS 


Is a minor a citizen ? (157) 

Is an Indian a citizen ? Is a Chinaman ? (445, 157) 
XV Elections 

Mention the chief provisions for securing an honest 
ballot. (166-171) 

Give the substance of the provision of the constitu¬ 
tion regarding registration of voters. Give reason for 
it. (158, 177) 

What are the essential provisions of the constitution 
in regard to bribery of voters and bets on the result of 
an election ? (160) 

State the provisions of the constitution in relation 
to the time of election of city officers in cities of the 
1st and 2d classes. Give a reason for this provision. 
( 101 , 102 ) 

What is meant by challenging a vote ? (162) 

Mention three grounds on which a person’s right to 
vote may be challenged. (162) 

3 Describe the blanket (Australian) ballot. (167-8, 
174) 

2 Explain what is meant by paster ballot. (175) 

Describe the method of using the blanket ballot. 
(175) 

What are the advantages of the present mode of 
voting in this state over that which formerly prevailed ? 
(175) 

What are the disadvantages ? (175) 

Distinguish between majority and plurality. (163) 

Distinguish between election by majority and elec¬ 
tion by plurality. (162-3) 


THE GOVEEIfOR 


2d 


State one advantage and one disadvantage of each 
method. (162-3) 

S. What evils are incident to our form of govern¬ 
ment in regard to officers and official conduct ? (382) 
XVI Primary Meetings 

2 Define caucus. (176) 

Define convention. (178) 

Mention the successive steps in the process of nom¬ 
inating a candidate for the presidency. (179) 

U. What is a party platform, and by what authority 
is it formulated ? (369) 

S. What fundamental difference of views as to the 
purposes of government will always assure the division 
of the people of this country into at least 2 great 
parties ? (182) 

With what party in American politics is the name 
of Alexander Hamilton connected ? (182) 

With what party is the name of Thomas Jefferson 
associated ? (182) 

XVII The Governor 

Who is the chief executive officer in Xew York 
state ? (189) 

State the conditions of eligibility, the length of term 
and the salary of the chief executive of this state. 
(191) 

State three conditions of eligibility to the office of 
governor, giving reasons in two cases. (191) 

Describe the process of choosing a governor of this 
state from the primary to the final result. (179) 

Give five duties of the governor of the state of Xew 
York. (191-198) 


26 


REGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


Mention three powers of the governor. (191-198) 

2 What control has the governor of this state over 
legislation ? On what grounds is this arrangement 
justifiable ? (191, 242) 

What is the veto power ? Explain the importance 
of the veto power in a republic. (191, 242) 

2 What military power has the governor ? (193-8) 
Who is the commander-in-chief of the militia ? (193) 

2 Who constitute the militia of this state ? What 
is the provision of the constitution regarding the 
number of militia that must be ready for service ? 
(193-4) 

Describe the military system of the state of New 
York. Who has the power to call out the troops ? 
(193-8) 

Under what circumstances may this militia be em¬ 
ployed outside the state ? (196-7) 

Has the president of the United States authority to 
call out the state militia ? Give a reason for your an¬ 
swer. (197) 

Define pardon. (193) 

Define reprieve. (193) 

3 State the qualifications, term of ofiice, salary and 
chief duties of the lieutenant-governor of this state* 
(198-9) 

What are the principal duties of the lieutenant- 
governor of this state ? (199) 

2 When is he not entitled to a casting vote ? (199) 
Why this restriction ? (199) 

U. Name in order the 3 persons upon whom the 
powers and duties of the oflSce of governor respectively 


STATE ADMIKISTRATIVE OFFICERS 27 

devolve in case of the death or disability of the gover^ 
ncr. (199) 

S. State one occasion for which the president of the 
United States may call out the state militia. (197) 

XVIII State Admikistrative Officers 
Mention the elective state officers of Xew York 
state and give the length of the term of each. (200) 
Name 5 state officers in New York state and mention 
one duty of each. (200) 

Mention 3 state financial officers and give the prin¬ 
cipal duties of 2 of them. (200, 201, 203) 

Give the mode of election, length of term, salary 
and 2 duties of the secretary of state. (200) 

Of the superintendent of banking. (202) 

2 Of the superintendent of public instruction. (309) 
Of the attorney-general. (201) 

Of the state engineer and surveyor. (201) 

2 Of the railway commissioners. (207) 

Name 2 state officers of this state who are elected 
for a term of 3 years [there are none now]; 2 elected 
for a term of 2 years; 2 appointed by the governor. 
( 200 , 201 , 202 ) 

4 What state officers are to be chosen and what are 
the qualifications of voters at the next general election 
in New York state ? (200) 

Mention the principal duties of the following state 
officers, and tell how each is chosen: treasurer, super¬ 
intendent of public works. (200, 201) 

Distinguish between the duties of the state comp¬ 
troller and those of the state treasurer. Which office 


28 BEGENTS QUESTIOI^S IN CIVICS 

is the more important ? Give reasons for your an¬ 
swer. (200, 201) 

Mention the principal duties of each of the follow¬ 
ing state officers: comptroller, superintendent of pub¬ 
lic works, state assessor. (200, 202, 208, 528) 

Mention one duty of each of the following state 
officers: Secretary of state, state engineer, superin¬ 
tendent of public works, superintendent of insurance, 
superintendent of banks. (200, 201, 202) 

Mention the principal duties of 2 of the following 
state officers: Attorney-general, state engineer and 
surveyor, comptroller, state treasurer. (201, 200) 

Give the length of term and 2 duties of each of the 
following officers: Superintendent of banking, attorney 
general. (202, 201) 

Give the manner of obtaining office, the length of 
term, and the chief duty of the superintendent of 
prisons. (202, 203) 

Kame one state commission of this state, and men¬ 
tion its principal duties. (205) 

What are the principal duties of the state board of 
health ? [Now abolished. See commissioner of health.] 
(205) 

Describe one of the following as to method of ap¬ 
pointment of members, their compensation and duties: 
state board of charities, forest preserve board, board 
of railroad commissioners. (206, 210, 206) 

Give the substance of the provision of the state 
constitution regarding the forest preserve. Give 
reason for it. (210) 

2 Describe the state board of railway commissioners 


HISTOKY OF LEGISLATIOI^ IN’ NEW YOKE 


29 


as to (a) number of members, (b) meetings, (c) com¬ 
pensation, (d) chief duties. (206) 

Describe the organization and state the principal 
function of the civil service commission. (209) 

What supervision does the state of New York exer¬ 
cise over insurance companies that do business in the 
state ? Give the reason for such supervision. (202) 
State the mode of appointment, term of office, sal¬ 
ary and 2 principal duties of (a) the superintendent 
of public works, (6) the superintendent of state pris¬ 
ons. (202, 203) 

S. What is the special requirement of the constitu¬ 
tion as to the eligibility of a person to the office of 
engineer and surveyor ? (201) 

How are private claims against the state collected ? 
(206) 

When shall the next enumeration of this state be 
taken ? In 1905, and every 10th year thereafter. (636) 
Under whose direction ? (636) 


M, Why was the office of superintendent of bank¬ 
ing created ? (202) 

May a bank suspend specie payments ? (416) 

May the state guarantee the financial standing of a 
bank ? (660) 

May a city loan money to a bank ? (664) 

XIX Histoey of Legislation in New York 
2 Describe the government of the colony of New 
York in the period just before the revolution. (214-219) 
What important changes were made after separation 
from the mother country ? (220, 324) 



30 


KEGEN-TS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


XX The Legislatuke as a Whole 

2 Describe the Xew England township and show in 
what respect it is a unit of representation. (25, 227) 

State the provisions of the constitution of this state 
regarding representation in the state legislature. (227- 
229) 

3 Describe the legislature of New York state as to 
divisions and number of members of each house. 
(227-229) 

2 Mention circumstances that would disqualify a 
citizen of this state for election to the state legisla¬ 
ture. (222) 

What is meant by a joint ballot ? (224) 

8 State the number of members in each branch of 
the present legislature. Give the length of term and 
salary of each. (85, 127, 227-229) 

How many state senators and how many members of 
assembly are to be elected in this state this year ? 
(227-229) 

How are contested elections in each branch decided ? 
(640) 

4 Give the title of the presiding officer of each 
house. (227, 230) 

How is he chosen ? (227, 230) 

What is the privilege of each presiding officer as 
to voting ? 

Why are members of assembly elected more fre¬ 
quently than senators ? (223, 445) 

Why is the number of members of assembly greater 
than that of senators ? (223, 445) 


THE HOUSES SEPARATELY 


31 


What are the duties of the sergeant-at-arnis ? (229, 
434) 

Mention one difference between the senate and the 
assembly of this state as to (a) organization, (b) pow¬ 
ers. (a) 230; (b) 230. 

6, 7 Give two powers common to these bodies. 

Mention one power possessed by the senate but not 
by the assembly. (230) 

3 Justify the following provision in the state con¬ 
stitution: For any speech or debate in either house 

of the legislature the members shall not be questioned 
in any other place.” (223, 437) 

State the provision of the state constitution in rela¬ 
tion to free passes on railways. Give a reason for this 
provision. (549) 

2 Only six states of the union have annual sessions of 
the legislature. State the advantages and disadvantages 
of annual sessions of the legislature; of biennial ses¬ 
sions of the legislature. (221) 

Give the substance of 2 important laws passed by 
the legislature at its recent session [1901]. 32, etc. 

C7. What is the purpose of a 2-chambered legisla¬ 
ture ? (223, 224) 

5. Distinguish between concurrent action and joint 
action of the senate and assembly. (224, 437, 451) 

M. What is a referendum ? (233) 

Define initiative in legislation. (224, 451) 

XXI The Houses Separately 

2 When and how is the number of members of the 
New York assembly apportioned among the several 
counties ? 


32 


EEGEKTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


Give a brief account of the last apportionment and 
state the objections which have been made thereto. 
(227) 

Describe the necessary qualifications, preliminary 
steps and mode of procedure, for (a) putting in nom¬ 
ination a candidatf for state senator, (6) casting a bal¬ 
lot for a state senator. (229, 178-187, 165-171) 

3 State, with reference to an impeachment trial, 
(a) composition of the court, (6) vote required for 
conviction, (c) limits of punishment in case of con¬ 
viction. (230) 

U. Mention 2 powers given by the constitution to 
the state senate but not to the assembly. (230) 

The constitution prohibits the lieutenant-governor 
from acting as a member of the court to try an im¬ 
peachment of the governor, but not to try an impeach¬ 
ment against any other officer. Give reason for such, 
provision. (231) 

XXII Law-Making Powers 

How is the power of the legislature of this state 
limited ? (224, 232) 

What body decides whether the legislature has ex¬ 
ceeded its powers in any case ? (286) 

What are the present constitutional provisions re¬ 
garding the passing of bills by the state legislature ? 
(234-237) 

2 Mention 2 ways in which the powers of the state 
legislature are limited. Give reason for such limita¬ 
tion. (224, 232) 

2 Mention 3 restrictions imposed by the constitution 
of this state on the legislature. (225, 234) 


HOW LAWS ARE MADE 33 

What proportion of the members of each house con¬ 
stitutes a quorum to do ordinary business ? (237) 
Mention 2 cases in which a § vote is required to pass 
a bill. (236) 

2 Give in substance the provisions of the constitu¬ 
tion in relation to contracting debts on the part of the 
state. (660) 

What is an appropriation ? Show the importance 
to the people of the constitutional provision regarding 
appropriations. (224, 292) 

U. The state constitution declares that the legisla¬ 
ture shall not admit any private claim against the 
state, nor grant any extra compensation to any public 
officer or contractor. Give reasons for these prohibi¬ 
tions. (234) 

A resolution to amend the constitution by providing 
for biennial sessions was proposed and passed during 
the legislative session of 1898, what further steps 
would have been necessary before this proposed 
amendment could have become part of the constitu¬ 
tion ? (134) 

XXIII How Laws are Made 
What are legislative bills ? (238) 

Mention the provision of the constitution as to 
printing of bills. Give a reason for it. (239, 236) 

6 Trace the successive steps in the making of a law in 
this state. (238-244) 

Explain the veto. (103) 

Describe the legislative process of dealing with a 
bill that has been returned without approval. (242) 
Define quorum. (237) 


34 


KEGElfTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


S. In general, a majority of the members chosen to 
each house constitute a quorum to do business. State 
an exception to this rule. (237) 

Why is the power of the governor to veto particular 
items in a bill appropriating public money an impor¬ 
tant safeguard against corruption? (242) 

XXIV Legislative Committees 
Describe the manner of transacting business in the 
legislature. (238-243) 

2 State the advantages of committees in legislative 
bodies. (245-251) 

State 2 evils that may result from transacting busi¬ 
ness through such committees. (248-251) 

What is meant by a committee of the whole ? (240) 
XXV Courts of Law 
4 What is law ? (252) 

What is common law ? (253) 

What is statute law ? (254) 

U, What is law as applied to human society ? (252, 
476-478) 

Can there be society without law ? (476) 

XXVI The State Courts 

3 Mention (a) the 4 different grades of state courts 
in^New York (7, 270); (6) one court abolished by the 
present constitution. 

What kind of jurisdiction has the court of appeals ? 
supreme court ? county court ? (273, 263, 77) 

Give mode of election, length of term, manner of 
compensation, and 2 duties of justices of the supreme 
court. (263, 264) 



UIS'ITED STATES COURTS 


35 


Mention the terms of the supreme court in this 
state. (269, 270) 

Give the number of judicial districts in New York 
state. (263) 

Describe the appellate division of the supreme court 
of New York state, as to (a) jurisdiction, (6) number, 
manner of obtaining office, and length of term of 
members. (271) 

Mention 3 courts in this state having appellate juris¬ 
diction; one having original jurisdiction only. (270) 

6 Describe the highest court in this state as to (a) 
number of members, (6) conditions of eligibility, (c) 
length of term, (d) jurisdiction. (273) 

Distinguish between civil and criminal cases. (77) 

In what court of this state would a murderer be 
tried? (263) 

To what other court might he appeal ? (273) 

C7. Courts should be provided for hearing the cause 
of the humblest suitor, however slight his wrong. 
How does our state judicial system provide for this ? 
(30, 142) 

XXYII United States Courts 
2 Give an outline of the judicial system of the 
United States. (8) 

What is the highest court ? (275) 

6 Of how many judges is it composed ? (277) 

7 How are they appointed ? (282) 

8 What is their tenure of office ? (282) 

How may they be removed ? (282) 

Who was the first chief justice ? (285) 

4 What is their compensation ? (284) 


36 REGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 

2 Mention 5 classes of cases in which this court has 
jurisdiction. (275) 

Mention a case in which the supreme court has orig¬ 
inal jurisdiction. (275) 

In whom is vested the power to try cases against 
foreign ambassadors ? (275) 

Mention two offences which would be tried in United 
States courts; two which would be tried in state courts. 
(280) 

Compare the judges of the court of appeals of New 
York state with those of the United State supreme 
court with reference to (a) number, (6) manner of 
obtaining office, (c) length of term. (7, 8) 

U. Why should judges of the supreme court of the 
United States hold office permanently ? (282) 

3f. Most people dislike to be brought into court, 
even as witnesses. Why ? (266) 

Is ignorance of the law an excuse for violating it ? 
(17) 

Suppose an innocent man is arrested and tried and 
found guiltless. Has he any redress ? (493) 

Can a state be sued by a state ? If so, how ? (275) 
Can a state be sued by a private person ? If so, 
how? (206) 

What is the difference between the moral law and 
the law of nature ? (252) 

Between the moral law and municipal law ? (252) 
How does trial on impeachment differ from trial in 
courts of law ? (230) 

XXVIII Constitutionality of Statutes 
U, If the courts declare a statute to be wholly or in 


TAXATION 


37 


part unconstitutional, what is the effect of such a 
declaration ? (224, 286) 

XXIX Taxation 

2 Define taxes. (292) 

Explain why the power to levy taxes is necessary to 
government. What possible danger is there in this 
power ? (292, 294) 

2 By what right does government impose taxes on 
the governed ? (293) 

Mention 2 kinds of taxes and discuss the justice of 
each. (294, 298) 

Distinguish between direct and indirect taxes. (294, 
298) 

2 Give the substance of the constitutional provision 
regarding direct taxes. (298) 

What application of this principle was recently made 
by the supreme court in regard to the income tax law ? 
(299) 

What are the sources of the revenue of the general 
government ? (296) 

What is the tariff ? (297) 

What are duties ? (296) ' 

What is the provision of the constitution of the 
United States regarding the laying of duties on imports 
or exports by any state ? Why is this provision neces¬ 
sary ? (296) 

State the manner in which duties are collected. (296) 

What limitation is there to the power of congress to 
levy duties ? Give the reason for this limitation. (296) 

Describe the process by which state taxes are levied 
and collected in this state. (299) 


38 


BEGElfTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


Describe the process of assessing property for the 
purpose of taxation, and show how the amount of 
money to be raised by each town is fixed. (300) 

How are the inequalities of assessment in different 
towns and counties corrected in New York state ? (300) 
In levying taxes what is meant by equalization ? (300) 
By what body is equalization effected in each county? 
(65) 

3 Mention 3 kinds of property that are usually ex¬ 
empt from taxation, giving reasons. (301) 

State the leading provisions of the Eaines law regu¬ 
lating the sale of intoxicating liquors in this state. 
(295) 

U. What one power is essential to every government ? 
(292) 

Mention 3 sources of state revenue. (295) 

Name some of the principal purposes for which 
money is raised for government in (a) a town; (6) a 
county; (c) the nation. (292) 

Name two steps preliminary to the collection of a 
tax. (38, 39) 

How may a collector of taxes enforce their payment ? 
(39) 

Distinguish between duties and excises. What name 
is DOW generally given to excises ? (296) 

Should an owner of property who has no children be 
obliged to pay a school tax ? Give reason. (293) 

It is not considered good policy for a government to 
tax its own bonds. Why is this so ? (301) 


S. What is meant by an income tax ? (299) 



THE COMMOH SCHOOLS 


39 


Give an argument justifying such a tax, and one in 
opposition. (299) 

State approximately the annual expense of our state 
government. (292) 

State approximately the portion of this amount which 
is raised by direct taxation. (295) 

State the principal sources from which the remainder 
of the amount is obtained. (295) 


M. How much did your county pay toward the state 
taxes last year ? (299) 

How much did it get back ? (299, 300) 

Where did the balance come from ? (299, 300) 

For discussion 

A man who has $20,000 worth of taxable personal 
property is not asked to make any statement con¬ 
cerning it, but is assessed for 110,000, and pays the 
tax without remark. Does he act honorably ? 

A gives to B a mortgage for $2,000 on a house worth 
$4,000. A pays taxes on the house for the full amount.^ 
Should B pay taxes on the mortgage ? 

Voters who do not own taxable property sometimes 
argue that if they vote a high tax the rich men have 
to pay it. Is this sound reasoning ? Why ? 

In Massachusetts clergymen used to be paid by pub¬ 
lic tax. What were the advantages of this ? th^ dis¬ 
advantages ? 

XXX The Commok Schools 
Show why education of the masses is important in a 
republic. (304) 



40 


EEGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIYICS 


4 Give aa outline of the school system of New York 
state. (304-314) 

2 State the mode of appointment, the length of 
term and the principal duties of the superintendent of 
public instruction. (309) 

What recent change has been made in this state in 
the laws regarding the care of the insane ? (315) 

What provision does the state make for caring for 
the insane ? Give reasons for such provision. (315) 
XXXI Academies and Colleges 

3 Describe the University of the State of New York 
as to (a) origin, (6) powers and duties respecting edu¬ 
cational institutions. (318-323) 

3 Describe the mode of election, and state the term 
of service and the principal duties of the regents. (318) 
XXXII The Coneedeeation 
Describe 2 different forms of colonial government 
that prevailed in this country before the revolution. 
(125-128) f 

2 Describe the government of the colony of New 
York as it existed immediately before the revolution¬ 
ary war. (214-219) 

Describe the form of government that prevailed in 
this country during the revolutionary period, mention¬ 
ing its principal defects. (324-331) 

When and for what purpose was the first union of 
American colonies formed ? What name was given to 
this organization ? Show how it developed into the 
confederation of 1787. (324-331) 

2 Give an account of the first continental congress 
(1774) and the second continental congress (1775), 


THE N^ATION'AL COI^STITUTIOIf 


41 


touching on the origin, the organization and the work 
accomplished in each case. (326, 327) 

What kind of government was that of the conti¬ 
nental congress ? (324-331) 

W’^hat was the only department of the government 
established by the articles of confederation ? (350) 
Why was the government established by the articles 
of confederation weak ? (331) 

How long did it endure ? (330, 333) 

State wherein the articles of confederation were 
defective, and show how the constitution remedied 
these defects. (331, 350, 351) 

2 Distinguish between confederacy and nation. (338) 
S. Mention 2 advantages which a state enjoys as a 

member of the union which it would not enjoy as an 
independent nation. (324, 349) 

M. The Germans call a confederation a Staatenbund, 
or band of states; and a federal nation a Bundesstaat 
or banded state. Show the appropriateness of this 
distinction. (338) 

XXXIII The Xatiohal Constitution 

What is the source of power of the United States 
government ? (332) 

3 When and how was the constitution of the United 
States framed ? (332) 

State the provisions under which it took effect. (332) 
3 State the 6 objects of government as given in the 
preamble to the constitution of the United States. (339) 
What evils was it intended to remedy ? Does it 
remedy these evils ? Give reasons. (350, 351) 


42 REGElfTS QUESTIONS IN CIYICS 

Mention the departments of government that were 
established by the constitution. (350) 

In what 2 ways may amendments be proposed ? (339) 
State one mode of ratification of an amendment. 
(339) 

How many amendments have been made ? (624-629) 
Explain the purpose of the last 3 amendments. (495) 
What are the principal provisions of the amend¬ 
ments which have been adopted since the close of the 
civil war ? (495) 

Compare the constitution of the United States with 
the English constitution as to (a) origin, (6) form, 
(c) susceptibility to change. (334, 119, 124) 

Mention the chief points of difference between the 
constitution of the United States and that of New 
York state as to the manner of amendment. (134, 339) 
Give the provision of the constitution in regard to 
(a) privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, (6) bills 
for raising revenue, (c) the drawing of money from 
the treasury. (137, 460, 345) 

5. Is the United States a confederation or a federal 
union ? Distinguish. (338) 

State the chief points of difference between the 
federation of the colonies and the present government 
of the United States. (350, 351) 

Can the national constitution be amended contrary 
to the will of any state ? Give reasons. (339) 

Show how the people of the United States are sub¬ 
ordinate to the constitution and yet superior to it. 
(119, 128, 129, 131, 338, 352) 

How was the country governed before the revolu- 


KELATIOK OF THE NATION TO THE STATES 43 


tion ? during the revolution ? after the revolution ? 
(120-135) 

M. How many amendments have been adopted ? 
(341) 

Classify them as to subject. (341) 

XXXiy Relation of the Nation to the States 
2 Mention 2 prohibitions on the United States. (344) 
4 Mention 5 prohibitions on the states. (347) 
Mention 2 governmental powers held by the United 
States and prohibited to the states. (342) 

Give a reason in each case. (199, 342) 

“ The states are forbidden to issue letters of marque, 
to coin money, to emit bills of credit, to pass ex post 
facto laws or to make anything but gold and silver 
coin a tender in payment of debts.” Explain these 
prohibitions. (399, 407, 413, 139, 408) 

Give the substance of the constitutional provision 
regarding (a) public records; (6) protection to states 
by the nation. (269, 349) 

The same regarding powers reserved by the states. 
(343) 

What is meant by title of nobility ? Why does the 
constitution forbid congress to grant such a title ? (480, 
344) 

U. May the people of this state establish a mon- 
archial form of government ? Give reasons for your 
answer. (347, 481) 

The state constitution requires that no person shall 
be eligible to the legislature who is a member of con¬ 
gress or a civil or military officer under the United 
States. Give reason for such provision. (222) 


44 


EEGEITTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


Mention 3 powers granted by the constitution to 
congress, and in each case state why the power is 
granted to congress rather than to the states. (342) 
Does a citizen of any state owe first allegiance to his 
own state or to the United States ? Give a reason for 
your answer. (47) 

What is the duty of the United States to every 
state in regard to (a) form of government, (6) inva¬ 
sion, (c) insurrection ? (349) 


S, Which has the greater variety of function, the 
federal government or the several state governments ? 
Give reasons. (352) 

M. In the civil war what was the claim of the south¬ 
ern states as to the right of secession ? (360) 

XXXV Teeeitories and New States 

2 Describe the process of admitting a new state into 
the union. (359) 

2 State and explain the restriction in the constitu¬ 
tional provisions for the admission of new states. (359) 
What was the ordinance of nullification ? Of what 
doctrine was it an expression ? How has this question 
been finally settled ? (297, 360) 

Mention three important powers denied to the states 
and give a reason in each case. (347) 

Mention the chief peculiarity in the government of 
the District of Columbia. (360) 

Explain the importance of congressional control 
over the District of Columbia. (361) 

In what body is the government of a territory vested ? 
What representation has a territory in congress ? (358) 



THE PRESIDEI^T 


45 


What is meant by pre-emption of public lands ? by 
a homestead claim ? by a timber claim ? (356, 357) 
Give arguments tending to establish or to controvert 
the following: ‘‘ The constitution follows the flag.” 
(361) 

U. If a state is entitled to 32 votes in the electoral 
college, to how many members of the house of repre¬ 
sentatives is it entitled ? (365) 

Specify 2 points of difference between a state gov¬ 
ernment and a territorial government. (358) 


S. What was the main feature of the ordinance of 
1787 ? (604-611) 

M. What is the difference between the government of 
an organized and of an unorganized territory ? (356, 
358) 

To which class do the following belong: Oklahoma, 
Cuba, the Philippines, Porto Kico ? (356) 

XXXVI The President 

3 State the conditions of eligibility to the office of 
president of the United States. (371) 

Give a full reason for such requirements. (371) 

3 State 3 methods by which the convention proposed 
to elect the president of the United States. Describe 
the method adopted, and state why its original purpose 
has not been accomplished. (364) 

2 Give arguments (a) sustaining the present mode 
of electing president and vice-president; (5) favoring 
their election by vote of the people. (364, 367) 

What office in the United States is restricted to 
natural born citizens ? Why this restriction ? (371) 



46 EEGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 

2 What is the electoral college ? (364) 

What determines the number of electors to which a 
state is entitled ? (365) 

2 To how many votes is New York entitled in the 
electoral college ? Explain. (365) 

Mention the successive steps in the process of nom¬ 
inating and electing a candidate for the presidency. 
(366-370) 

4 If no person has a majority of the electoral vote 
for president of the United States, how is a president 
elected ? State the limitations under which this is 
done. (367) 

Give length of term and salary of the president of 
the United States. (363, 371) 

2 Give in substance the provisions of the law gov¬ 
erning the presidential succession. (370) 

Give the mode of election, length of term, salary 
and 2 duties of the vice-president. (380, 381, 10) 

Give the constitutional qualifications for vice-presi¬ 
dent. (381) 

2 Describe the manner of choosing the vice-presi¬ 
dent in case no person has a majority of all ballots cast 
by the electoral college. (381) 

U. What persons are prohibited by the constitution 
from being presidential electors ? (365) 

In proportion to its population does New Y ork or 
Ehode Island have the greater influence in electing the 
president ? Give reason for your answer. (365) 

State an objection to the election of president by 
popular vote. (364) 

State an advantage. (367) 


CIVIL SERVICE REFORM 


47 


S. Show how a minority of the people may elect a 
president. (365) 

In what respect did the election of Thomas Jeffer¬ 
son and John Quincy Adams differ from the election 
of other presidents ? Why ? (367) 

M. Show how the ballot of a single voter might de¬ 
termine the election of a president. (365) 

XXXYII Powers of the Presidei<i-t 

2 Describe the executive department of the national 
government. (373-380) 

3 Mention 5 important duties of the president of 
the United States. (373-381) 

3 Mention 5 executive powers of the president of 
the United States. (373-381) 

Mention 3 leading powers of the president; 2 powers 
possessed by the president subject to approval of the 
senate. (373-381) 

In whom is vested the power to make treaties ? (374) 

2 In whom in the United States is vested the power 
to appoint ambassadors ? (467) 

“ The issue is now with congress.Prepared to exe¬ 

cute every obligation imposed upon me by the constitu¬ 
tion and the law, I await your action.” Comment on 
the powers and duties of the president and of con¬ 
gress referred to in this extract from the president’s 
message on the Cuban question. (373-381, 469) 

S, What is the president’s message ? When, why, 
and to whom is it addressed ? (374) 

XXXVIII Civil Service Keform 

2 What is meant by the civil service ? (383) 




48 KEGEKTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 

State the purposes of tke civil service law. (382-389) 

2 What important change was made in the civil ser¬ 
vice law of New York in 1899 ? (388) 

2 What is the function of the state civil service 
commission ? (388) 

What are the provisions of the constitution of this 
state regarding the civil service ? (388) 

2 How are members of the civil service commission 
appointed ? What are their duties ? (388) 

For discussion 

Should civil service reform principles be extended 
to the employment of teachers ? 

Particularly, should they be chosen by competitive 
examination; and should they be elected to serve dur¬ 
ing good behavior instead of for definite periods as 
now ? 

Would it be wise to elect town, county, village, city, 
state, and national officers by competitive examina¬ 
tion ? Why ? 

Are there any municipal offices to which the prin¬ 
ciple of service during good behavior should be applied? 

XXXIX The President’s Cabinet 

6 How are members of the cabinet appointed ? (394) 

8 Mention the executive departments of the national 
government and give the title of the officer at the head 
of each department. (390) 

2 Describe 2 of the executive departments of the 
national government, giving (a) the title of the head 
of each department, {b) the principal duties of each 
department. (396-427) 


THE president’s CABINET 


49 


Name in order of rank the officers comprising the 
president’s cabinet. (370) 

2 Give the name and the 3 chief duties of the in¬ 
cumbent of the most important position in the presi¬ 
dent’s cabinet. (396) 

2 Give mode of election, length of term, and salary 
of the secretary of state of the United States. (396) 
4 Compare his office with that of secretary of state of 
New York as to mode of election, duties, salary, 
length of term. (200, 396) 

Describe the mode of appointment and state the 
principal duties of the attorney-general of the United 
States. (394, 396) 

What are the principal duties of the department of 
the interior ? (421-427) 

What is the basis of the classification of post-offices ? 
By whom are postmasters appointed ? (382, 402) 

Give name of the executive department that has 
charge of (a) custom houses; 

(6) patents; 

(c) diplomatic correspondence; 

(d) army supplies; 

(e) education, (a) 413; (b) 423; (c) 396; (d) 397; 
(e) 425. 

transportation of mail; (401) 

dealings with the Indians; (421) 

collection of duties on imports; (413) 

negotiation of treaties; (396) 

violation of the inter-commerce laws; (420) 

passports; (396) 

collection of revenue; (405) 


50 


EEGEl^TS QUESTIOiq’S m CIVICS 


arsenals and armories; (397) 
pensions; (422) 
coast survey. (420) 

On what ground has the United States claimed the 
right to interfere when railway traffic has been inter¬ 
rupted by strikes ? (404) 

Define census. (423) 

4 Define patent. (423) 

2 For how long a time is it issued ? (423) 

5 Define copyright. (424) 

What is its purpose ? (424) 

How is it obtained ? (424) 

3 For how long a time is it issued ? (424) 

U. What member of the president’s cabinet has 
charge of (a) the U. S. military school at West Point; 
(6) the naval school at Annapolis; (c) the Indian 
schools? (a) 400; (h) 400; (c) 421. 

What member of the cabinet has charge of (a) the 
coinage of money; (6) the distribution of seeds ? (a) 
406; (6) 421. 

To which of the executive departments of the 
United States government does each of the following 
named offices belong: (a) consuls; (6) pension agents; 
(c) U. S. marshalls; (d) collector of the port; (e) 
postmaster? (a) 462; (6) 422; (c) 284; (d) 413; (e) 
401. 

The constitution provides that congress shall have 
power “ to regulate commerce with foreign nations 
and among the states ”, etc. Mention 2 laws enacted 
by congress under the authority of the clause above 
quoted. (418, 404, 517) 


THE president’s CABINET 


51 


The constitution provides that congress shall have 
power “ to establish post-offices and post-roads 
Mention some of the things that congress has provided 
for by law under the authority of the clause above 
quoted. (403) 

Give 2 reasons why the postal service of the United 
States should be in the hands of congress instead of 
the several states. (401) 

The constitution provides that no senator or repre¬ 
sentative shall during the time for which he was elected 
be appointed to any civil office under the authority of 
the United States which shall have been created or the 
emoluments of which shall have been increased during 
such time. Give reasons for this. 

What laws are enacted under authority of this pro¬ 
vision of the constitution: “ To promote the progress 
of science and useful arts by securing for limited times, 
to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries.” (437) 

The constitution grants the power of coining money 
to congress alone. State a reason for this provision. 
(407) 

According to the constitution why is a census taken 
in the United States ? (445) 

How often is the census taken ? (445) 

Mention one method of borrowing money for the use 
of the government. (413) 

S. What was the first method adopted by the United 
States for raising a revenue ? (411, 414) 

Name the offices in which the age of candidates 
must be 25 years or more, as established by the state 



5^ EEGENTS QUESTIONS IK CIVICS 

and national constitutions. (191, 198, 205, 371, 381) 
By the authority of what clause in the constitution 
did congress 

(а) establish a military academy at West Point ? 

(б) vote millions of dollars for pensions ? 

(c) order coast surveys ? (342, 343, 400, 440, 441-3) 

XLIII COKGKESS 

Describe the legislative department of the national 
government. (428-460) 

State briefly how a United States law is made. (437) 
State the provision of the constitution regarding bills 
vetoed by the president. (373, 242, 615, 616) 

Give a reason for this provision. (242) 

Describe the legislative process of dealing with a 
bill that has been returned without the president’s 
approval. (373, 242) 

9 Mention 5 things which congress has power to do 
under the constitution. (442, 443) 

Mention 3 important powers vested exclusively in 
congress, and give the reason in each case. (342, 343) 
4 Mention 5 restrictions imposed on congress by the 
constitution. (344) 

Why are the general powers of congress enumerated 
in the federal constitution while similar powers of 
state legislatures are not specifled in state constitu¬ 
tions ? (224, 343) 

2 In whom is vested the right to declare war ? (469) 
Why is the power to declare war vested in congress 
alone ? (469) 

What name is given to property captured in time of 
war? (470) 


COiq-GRESS 


53 


What disposition is made of such property ? (470) 
2 In whom is vested the power to regulate com¬ 
merce ? (342) 

Describe the national congress, as to (a) number of 
members, their terms of office and the manner of their 
election, (5) one important particutar in which the man¬ 
ner of procedure differs from that of the state legisla¬ 
ture. (a) 445, 453, 455; (b) 437 

Compare the powers of the national government and 
the state government. Which government is the nearer 
and more important to the individual citizen ? Illus¬ 
trate. (440) 

Mention 2 privileges conferred by the constitution 
on senators and representatives in congress, and give a 
reason for each provision. (437) 

2 What are the advantages of 2 houses in congress ? 
(223) 

Distinguish between the national house of represen¬ 
tatives and the United States senate as to terms of 
office, qualifications of members and modes of elec¬ 
tion. (11) 

Under what circumstances are the presiding officers 
in congress entitled to vote ? (450, 456) 

2 State the basis of representation (a) in the United 
States senate; (b) in the house of representatives. 
Why this difference ? (a) 453; (b) 445, 453 

Explain why the constitution provides that the term 
of a member of the house of representatives shall be 
shorter than the term of a senator. (445) 

Where may legislative bills originate under the 
national government ? (451) 


54 


KEGEKTS QUESTIONS IN OIYTCS 


Mention (a) 2 powers of the United States senate 
not possessed by the house of representatives, (b) 1 
power of the house of representatives not possessed 
by the senate, (a) 458; (5) 451) 

What is the restriction in the constitution of the 
United States regarding the origin of revenue bills ? 
What is the object of this restriction ? (451, 224) 

U. It is within the power of each house of congress 
to expel a member. What vote is required in such 
cases ? (433) 

What is the object of clause 20 of the constitution ? 
What like provision in the state constitution ? (436) 
What is the object of the exemption of members of 
congress from arrest during their attendance upon the 
sessions ? State an exception to it. (437) 

Mention 2 powers which the constitution gives to 
either house in case less than a majority is present. 
(433) 


S. How is the influence of the state preserved in 
matters relating to taxation ? (299) 

Can a member of congress be a member of the U. 
S. supreme court ? (436) 

What general principle of government underlies the 
constitutional provision with regard to this ? (483) 
Mention 2 respects in which the government of the 
United States and that of Great Britain agrees. (380, 
429) 

XLIV House of Eepresentatives 

6 What are the special qualiflcations of a repre¬ 
sentative in congress ? (447) 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

Explain the importance of 2 of these requirements ? 
(447) 

How are vacancies in this office filled ? (450) 

2 What is the term ? the salary ? (11) 

State the number of members composing the present 
house of representatives. (561) 

When may this number be increased ? (445) 

4 On what basis are representatives apportioned 
among the several states ? (445) 

How many representatives has New York state ? 
(561) 

What state has the largest number of members in 
the house of representatives ? Why ? (561, 445) 

2 Explain in detail the process of nominating and 
electing a representative in congress from the state of 
New York. (178, 179, 167) 

2 State mode of election, length of term, salary, 
and 2 duties of the speaker of the house of repre¬ 
sentatives. (450, 451) 

TJ. Compare the house of representatives with the 
assembly as to (a) the number of members; (5) the 
official term of members; (c) their election; (cZ) their 
salary; (e) the presiding officer. 

What is a gerrymander ? (430, 431) 

In the election of a president by the house of repre¬ 
sentatives, state how that body seems to represent the 
several states rather than the people. (367) 

At such an election one person received 6J votes. 
Explain how it was possible for him to secure half a 
vote. (367) 


S, Representatives are referred to as the representa- 



56 REGEN-TS QUESTIOI^S IX CIVICS 

tives “ from ” or ‘‘ for ’’ a certain congressional dis¬ 
trict or a certain state, why are they not referred to 
as representatives of a certain district or state ? (449) 
What circumstances require a congressman-at-large ? 
(447) 

How is he elected ? (447) 

XLV United States Senate 

2 State the conditions of eligibility to the office of 
United States senator. (431) 

3 How are senators elected ? (455) 

3 Give arguments for and against their election by 
direct vote of the people. (454) 

One-third of the members of the United States sen¬ 
ate are chosen once in two years. Give reasons for the 
gradual change in membership. (455) 

2 Give length of term, salary, and 2 duties of a 
United States senator from New York. (11, 457) 

What is meant by executive session ? Which body 
of the United States congress holds executive sessions ? 
Mention 2 purposes for which executive sessions are 
held. (457) 

2 What is an impeachment ? (230) 

By whom are impeachments made ? (451) 

2 In whom is vested the power to try cases of im¬ 
peachment under the national government ? (458) 
What president of the United States was tried on 
impeachment charges ? (460) 

Give an account of the national court for the trial 
of impeachments as to jurisdiction and method of 
procedure. (230, 430) 


IKTERNATIOifAL LAW 


57 


State the essential rights of non-combatants in time 
of war. (469) 

What is meant by neutrality in case of war between 
foreign powers ? (472) 

What are the duties of neutral nations ? (472) 
What restrictions does neutrality impose ? (472) 
Define privateer. (473) 

To what extent is immigration now restricted ? (467) 
What is the object of this restriction ? (467) 

U, What is meant by reciprocity between two 
nations ? (474) 

What vote is required in the senate to ratify a 
treaty? (620) 


S. Mention the 3 methods of settling disputes be¬ 
tween nations. (468) 

XLVI Ijttern’ational Law 
Show how the interests of the United States are 
looked after in foreign countries. (464) 

State the principal duties of 2 classes of ofl&cers 
charged with this work. (465, 466) 

Through what department does the United States 
conduct its business with other nations ? (464) 

Mention 5 official titles connected with the diplo¬ 
matic service. (464, 465) 

What is an ambassador ? (464) 

What are the chief duties of an ambassador ? (464) 
Explain why ambassadors are not subject to the 
laws of the country to which they are sent. (465) 

3 Mention the duties of a foreign minister. (464) 
What is a consul ? (465) 



58 


EEGEJTTS QUESTIOl^S IN CIVICS 


3 What are the duties of a consul ? (465) 

3 Distinguish between the duties of United States 
ministers and those of United States consuls to foreign 
countries. (465, 466) 

2 In what way are these officers chosen ? (467) 

7 What are treaties and by whom may they be made 
for the United States ? (473) 

2 Describe the process of making and ratifying a 
treaty. (473) 

What prohibition is laid on the states regarding trea¬ 
ties ? Give the reason for this prohibition. (342, 474) 
State the principal provisions of the treaty between 
the United States and Spain (1898). (475) 

State the Monroe doctrine. Why is its maintenance 
mportant to this country ? (472) 

U. Why may the house of representatives be consid¬ 
ered as directly representing the people, and the sen¬ 
ate as representing the several states ? (453) 

Why is the United States sometimes called a repre¬ 
sentative democracy ? (481) 


8. Draw a parallel between the government of the 
United States and that of our own state. (430, 431) 
What conditions make the senate a body of greater 
dignity than the house ? (454) 


M. How are vacancies in the senate filled ? (456) 
XLVII Pkinciples of Goveknment 

5 What is government ? (15, 476) 

6 State 2 theories of the origin of government, 
(476, 477) 




THEOKY OF GOVERNMENT 


59 


2 State and explain the 2 principal functions of gov¬ 
ernment in any sovereign state. (476) 

Under what form of government are these objects 
best attained ? Prove your statement. (481-483) 
What is meant by sovereign state ? (118) 

Mention 2 governmental institutions that are de¬ 
rived from England. (380, 429) 

Mention and distinguish between 3 different forms 
of government, giving an example of each. (477-481) 

3 Mention the 3 most common forms of govern¬ 
ment, and state wherein they differ. (477-481) 

Name 3 forms of government and give one element 
of strength and one of weakness inherent in each. 
(477-481) 

Define the following forms of government and give 
an example of each of two of them: (a) monarchy, 
(b) aristocracy, or oligarchy, (c) democracy. (477-481) 
Mention one advantage and one defect of patri¬ 
archal government. (478) 

What conditions make such government impossible 
among civilized peoples at the present time ? (478) 

2 What is a democracy ? (481) 

2 Distinguish between a pure democracy and a repub¬ 
lic. (481) 

Give an example of a pure democracy. (62) 
Distinguish between a pure democracy and a repre¬ 
sentative democracy. By what name is the latter gen¬ 
erally known ? (62, 481) 

What is a republic ? (481) 

2 Give an example. (481) 

What republic of the present time approaches most 


60 


EEGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


nearly to a pure democracy ? G-ive reasons. (481) 

What kind of government was that of the continen¬ 
tal congress ? (486) 

2 Is a republic the best government in all cases ? 

Give reasons. (481-485) 

State the advantages and the defects of a republi¬ 
can form of government. (481-485) 

Mention one respect in which a monarchy may be 
superior to a republic. (479) 

State two conditions under which a monarchy would 
be a better government than a republic. Give rea¬ 
sons. (479-485) 

2 Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages 
of an absolute monarchy and of a republic. (479-485) 

Discuss the advantages or the disadvantages of a 
strongly centralized government like that of Russia as 
compared with a government like that of the United 
States. (479-485) 

Explain the advantages of the government of the 
United States over one other common form of govern¬ 
ment. (479-485) 

3 How many and what departments must every gov¬ 
ernment have ? Why ? (482, 483) 

Name the 3 departments of the national government 
and describe one of them, touching on its subdivisions, 
powers and duties. (483) 

Mention the departments of government that were 
established by the constitution. (483) 

Classify the following acts as (a) legislative, (b) ex¬ 
ecutive, (c) judicial; alien and sedition laws, admission 
of Missouri, specie circular, fugitive slave law, Dred 
Scott decision, emancipation proclamation. (483, 568) 


PEESOKAL EIGHTS 


61 


U. In studying civil government, pupils often fail to 
apprehend the intimate relation which exists between 
federal, state, and local governments. How may this 
be overcome ? (1-14) 

S. While our present United States government is 
properly a national government, yet it is not wholly 
such, but is as well partly federal. Show that this is 
true. (453-455) 

We say that the United States is a government of 
more limited powers than the state government. Show 
that this is true, (440) 

S, What conditions of society necessitate govern¬ 
ment ? (17, 476) Give the kinds of government as de¬ 
veloped in history. Define each kind. (476-481) 

What is an oligarchy ? (480) 

Give an historical example. (480) 

For what purposes are governments instituted ? (477) 

A body politic which makes laws for its own control 
is said to possess governmental power. Hame 2 divis¬ 
ions of the state which have no governmental power. 

In what respects is our own form of government 
preferable to any other ? 

What is meant by the laissezfaire theory of govern¬ 
ment ? (491) 

M. In what sense is the United States a state ? (118) 

Why is the power of the people greater in local than 
in centralized government ? (484) 

XLYIII Peesokal Eights 

What is a guardian ? (494) 

Explain and illustrate the meaning of the following 




62 EEGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 

statement: “ Where a right exists, a duty always ex¬ 
ists with it.’’ (495-506) 

Under what circumstances is revolution justifiable ? 
(499) 

U. Under the constitution, a citizen of Xew York 
visiting any other state in the union is entitled to 
what privileges and immunities ? (349) 

How does public sentiment in regard to a law affect 
its enforcement ? Give an illustration. (503) 

M. Suppose an officer is indiscreet in the exercise of 
his duty, what is the attitude of a good citizen ? (496) 

XLIX Propeety Rights 

4 Define deed. 

Define lien. (535) 

6 Define mortgage. (537) 

Define chattel mortgage. 

Define note. (529) 

What is negotiable paper ? (527) 

What is commercial paper ? (526) 

3 What is usury ? (513) 

2 What are indorsements ? (527) 

Mention 3 kinds of indorsements. (527) 

How may the holder of a note payable to his order 
transfer it and avoid liability for its payment ? (530) 

2 In case an indorsed note is not paid at maturity 
what step is necessary to make the indorser liable ? 
(530) 

5 What is a contract ? (517) 

3 Mention 3 things essential to the validity of a con¬ 
tract. (495) 


PROPERTY RIGHTS 


63 


Give an example of a contract that is not binding. 
(518-521) 

To what extent is a principal bound by the acts of 
his agent ? (519) 

6 What is a will ? (540) 

What are letters testamentary ? (542) 

2 What formalities must be observed in the witness¬ 
ing of a will to make it valid ? (541) 

As to signature ? (541) 

Meotion 2 ways in which a will may be revoked. (541) 
What is a codicil ? (542) 

State the difference between an administrator and 
an executor. What are their duties ? (542) 

4 Define corporation. (515) 

What is a municipal corporation ? (28) 

3 Mention one characteristic common to all corpora¬ 
tions. (515) 

Give an example of a municipal corporation; of a 
private corporation. State 2 points of difference 
between them. (28, 515) 

2 What is a bankrupt law ? (524) 

Why is such law desirable ? (524) 

Where is the record of deeds and mortgages of real 
estate kept ? Why is it important to keep such rec¬ 
ords ? (535, 537) 

Explain what is meant by each of the following: 
recording a deed, filing a chattel mortgage. Why are 
such steps necessary ? (535) 

Mention 3 things essential to the validity of a real 
estate mortgage, and explain how the holder of such a 


64 


REGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


mortgage may enforce his claim in case of default of 
payment. (535, 537) 

2 In purchasing real estate what investigations as to 
title should be made and what formalities observed ? 
Give reasons. (537, 535) 

Explain the purpose of each of 3 of the following 
steps in the sale of real estate: search for title, signa¬ 
ture of conveyor’s wife, acknowledgment of signature, 
delivery of deed to purchaser, recording of deed. 
(534-537) 

Describe the process of transferring the title to real 
estate in this state. (534-537) 

What precaution should be taken by the mortgagee 
to make his claim secure, in the case of (a) a mortgage 
on land, (6) a chattel mortgage ? (537, 535, 538) 

What is the greatest length of time for which agri¬ 
cultural lands may be leased in this state ? Why is 
this restriction made ? (150, 149) 

What effect has the sale of leased property on the 
rights or liabilities of the tenant ? (532) 

When may a landlord evict his tenant and how 
must he proceed ? (532) 

Explain the meaning of the term adverse possession 
as applied to real estate. (531) 

Define statute of limitations. (523) 

M. What is the source of the right of private prop¬ 
erty ? (507-510) 

If a man dies intestate, what difficulties may arise 
in settling the estate ? (543) 

Suppose he leaves a will, what are the possible diffi¬ 
culties ? (540-542) 


CEIMES 


65 


L Crimes akd Puhishmekts 

Define crime. (545) 

Define larceny. (552) 

2 Define robbery. (552) 

Distinguish between larceny and robbery. (552) 
How is each punishable ? (552) 

A person is arrested, charged with larceny; mention 
2 rights possessed by the prisoner and give the succes¬ 
sive steps that will result in his conviction or acquit¬ 
tal. (137-142, 267-269) 

2 Define burglary. (552) 

4 Define arson. (553) 

Distinguish between murder and manslaughter. 
(551) 

How is each punishable ? (551) 

Define slander. (144) 

Define libel. (144) 

Distinguish between slander and libel. (144) 

Define piracy. (552) 

4 Define treason. (546) 

3 Define perjury. (546) 

3 Define forgery. (553) 

Define counterfeiting. (553) 

2 Define extradition. (554) 

Define requisition. (554) 

Give the substance of the constitutional provision 
regarding fugitive criminals. (554) 

A person having committed a crime in one state fiees 
to another state; how may he be captured and returned ? 
What is this process called ? (554) 

What rights are secured by the United States con- 


66 


KEGENTS QUESTIONS IN CIVICS 


stitution to persons accused of crime ? (137-142) 
U. Give the constitutional definition of treason, 
and state what evidence is necessary for conviction. 
(546, 547) 

S. Define misdemeanor; felony. (545) 

M. Is lying a sin or a crime ? (544) 


- THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS. - 

Instruction in Citizenship. 

1. Civil Government for Common Schools, prepared as a manual for 
public instruction in the State of New York. To which are appended the 
Constitution of the State of New York as amended at the election of 1894, the 
Constitution of the United States, and the Declaration of Independence, 
etc., etc. Dy Henry C. Northam. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 268. 75 cts. 

The new edition gives all the changes made by the amendments to the 
Constitution adopted in 1894, with many new maps and much additional 
matter. The sale of this book in New York greatly exceeds that of all other 
books on the subject taken together, and every pains is taken to maintain 
its character as the most usable and useful manual published. 

2. The Same, prepared for the State of Missouri. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 151. 
75 cts. 

8. A Chart of Civil Government in New York. By Charles T. Pooler. 
Sheets 12x18. 5 cts. The same folded for the pocket, in cloth covers, 25 cts. 

4. 500 Questions in Civics. 150 cards, lY^xi inches, with Key 50 cts. 

These questions are printed on slips of strong colored card board, two 

questions on a card. The questions are not confined to the Constitution of 
the United States, but include many pertinent questions on other important 
subjects. They are designed for general or class use in high, grammar, 
and rural schools, and are equally applicable to every State in the Union. 
They have especial value as an easy introduction to the subject where it 
has not hitherto been taught, since one box answers for an entire school. 

5. 500 Pertinent Questions in Civics, with Answers. Paper, 16mo, pp. 
54. 15 cts. The same as No. 4, but in book form, 

6. A Manual of School Law. By C. W. Bardeen. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 
300. Manilla, 50 cts.; cloth, $1,00. 

This book has been for twenty years the only recognized text-book on 
the subject. The present edition was wholly re-written in 1896, and brings 
the subject up to date. It includes the author's “Handbook for School 
Trustees ”, and adds all the questions in school law given at uniform exam¬ 
inations from the first to March, 1896, with full answers as published by the 
State Department corrected to date according to changes in the law, mak¬ 
ing it the best of helps in preparing for examination. 

7. Laws of New York relating to Uom/non >S'cAoo?s, with Comments and 
Instructions, and a digest of Decisions. Leather, 8vo, pp. 867. $2..50. 

8. The Powers and Duties of School Officers and Teachers. By Albert 
P. Marble. Paper, l6mo, pp. 27. 15 cts. 

9. First Principles of Political Economy. By Joseph Alden, Cloth, 
16mo, pp. 153. 75 cts. 

Ex-President Andrew D. White says of this book: “ It is clear, well 
arranged, and the best treatise for the purpose I have ever seen.” 

10. The Ready Reference Law Manual. By E. E. Knott. Cloth, 8vo, 
pp. 281. $2.00. It is not meant for lawyers, but for all. 

C. W. BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N. Y, 






THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS- 


It is now a quarter of a century since 
we first published Northam’s Civil Gov¬ 
ernment, the early editions of which 
bore upon the title-page the words “ for 
common schools ”, the distinction of the 
book. Civil government had been hith¬ 
erto a high school study, ranked in com¬ 
mon estimation in the group with logic 
and mental and moral philosophy. The 
book was a great assistance to the 
movement that began about that time to 
introduce the subject lower down, espe¬ 
cially in the 8th and 9th grades. The 
success of the book may be judged from the fact that it has passed through 
179 editions, and that in October, 1901, 1175 copies were ordered for a single 
institution, the New York City Normal college. 

As a representation of the facts of civil government that book has never 
had a rival. But there has recently developed, especially in regents 
schools, a demand for more of the history and the philosophy of civics. In 
deference to that demand this book has been written, and is believed to 
present all the valuable features of its predecessor, with an adequate re¬ 
sponse to the requirement for broader treatment. The regents syllabus has 
been followed directly; and to make sure that the book covered all the 
topics now taught in New York schools under the name of civics, all the 
regents questions in civics for the ten years 1891-1901 have been published 
in a separate volume, with reference by page to this book. All questions in 
the uniform and the State examinations from the beginning not covered by 
the regents questions have been added, and it may be said with confidence 
that this book traverses the entire ground indicated by these questions. 

In mechanical structure the book has an open page, and is indexed so 
fully by headlines that one maj" turn in an instant to any part he wants to 
find. A marked feature is the thousands of cross-references. The author 
has aimed not only to make it easy for the student to look these up, but to 
compel him to do so, that his information may be welded together, instead 
of lying in his memory as isolated facts pigeonholed without connection. 
Teachers will appreciate the etymological references which are given in 
connection with most of the leading terms. These are made a means, not 
an end, and have been omitted where not likely to be helpful; it is, for in¬ 
stance, of little use to the pupil to know that reciprocity comes from reci- 
procus, of unknown origin. But where the etymology is given it will be 
found a help to understanding and fixing the words. 

It is worthy to note that the actual processes of government are de¬ 
scribed, chapters being given to Primary meetings. Legislation by commit¬ 
tees, Civil service reform, etc. There is no pessimism in this book. The 
author believes in our national government, and in the constitution and 
laws of New York, and has endeavored to make pupils who use this book 
believe in them. 

Cloth, 161110, pp. 676,19 maps and 9 illustrations, $1.00 net 















OPINIONS OF Bardeen’s civics 

Nothing written by Mr. Bardeen could be dry—not even civics. 
And this book is not dry because the author is interested in 
his subject, and one cannot but feel that it was written by an in¬ 
terested individual, and not by a collating machine. It is New 
York all the way, and might appropriately be called “What’s 
What” for that State.— School Remew, Chicago. 

To write an adequate civics and bring it within the compass 
of a text-book is no easy task, yet Mr. Bardeen has so admirably 
succeeded in the undertaking that we now have a convenient 
manual for schools and colleges. So thoroughly has the author 
done his work that there is no aspect of the subject that is not 
fully and adequately treated. His manner of presenting civic 
facts is one that complies with modern historic and pedagogic 
principles and will be found interesting and stimulating. The 
book is admirably printed and will be found an excellent text, 
possessing completeness, accuracy and clearness. It is particu¬ 
larly adapted to the schools of this State but will be found of 
value to any school.— Journal of Pedagogy. 

I This work begins with the town, its power, officers; passes to 
the county and its court, the village, the city, thence to Greater 
New York and the State; discusses the bill of rights, elective 
franchise, how laws are made, courts, administration, duties of 
officers, taxation, academies and colleges, the president and his 
powers, congress; and ends with various important documents 
and illustrative maps of the State of New York, for the under¬ 
standing of which it ought to be a valuable contribution.— Peda¬ 
gogical Seminary. 

This book has been written in deference to a demand “for 
more of the history and philosophy of civics”. The book is 
indexed by headlines, so that the student can find in a moment 
any subject discussed in the book. The first part of the book is 
given to the State of New York; the last to the national govern¬ 
ment. The following headlines indicate the topics made promin¬ 
ent : ‘ ‘ Civil Service Reform ”; “ The President’s Cabinet compared 
with the English Ministry”; “Treasury Department”; “Pat¬ 
ents and Copyrights”; “National Law-Making”; “Legislation 
by Committees”; “International Law”; “Corporations and 
Trusts”, etc. Mr. Bardeen’s book is well worth buying.— West¬ 
ern School Journal. 


THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS. - 


Nortliam’s Civil Governmeiit. 

What ground shall a text-book of civil-government cover? Shall it 
deal with theories or shall it deal with facts? The answer is simple—in this 
subject as in all others, the facts should come first. This is the inductive 
method—the method of the 19th century. When the facts are familiar, then 
the theories may be considered, but it is ridiculous for a class of youngs¬ 
ters to be discussing the theory of representative government before they 
know which officers are elected at town-meeting. 

To give facts is the special province of Northam’s Civil Government. 
The first 24 pages are kept in type, and the names of the officers are in 
every edition revised to the date of issue. For this reason the book is pur¬ 
chased by lawyers and supreme-court judges because the information may 
be depended upon. When the present State Superintendent was a member 
of assembly, in 1878, he ordered 50 copies for himself and his friends; 
whereupon the democratic leader ordered 62 copies for himself and his 
friends. Even in schools that use other text-books, the v/ise teacher in¬ 
variably keeps Northam’s upon the desk, and depends upon it for her facts; 
and she finds when examination comes that it is what they have learned 
from Northam that enables her pupils to pass. 

It begins with the school-district; then passes to the town, giving the 
provisions of the new town law, just gone into effect; and passes on to the 
village, the city, the county, the State, and the nation, making frequent 
comparisons and giving tables that keep clear to the pupil the correspond¬ 
ences and the differences in the various offices. It deals clearly with the 
judiciary, making the various steps of litigation distinct. It gives a series 
of 12 maps of the State, each illustrating a single feature. And finally it 
gives the latest revisions of the State and the national constitutions. 

“ At the commencement of last term I introduced Northam’s Civil Gov¬ 
ernment into a class of 28 pupils, more than half of them girls. At the 
close of the term I invited in our lawyers, politicians, and prominent citi¬ 
zens to witness the examination. After we had gone through the regular 
exercises, I called on some of the prominent lawyers to question the class, 
and they did so, minutely and thoroughly. When they got through, the tes¬ 
timony of these lawyers was that they did not think there were ten people 
in the county outside the legal profession, and very few in the profession, 
who could have sustained such an examination so well. As for the book 
itself, I have never used any text-book on any subject in w’hich I could get 
up such enthusiasm. The children were proud of the information they got, 
and their parents were proud too. The people say that in the five years I 
have been at Owego, I have done no other one thing of so much importance 
to the village. They all agree that it would be a great deal better to have 
less Latin and Greek, if it were necessary in order to have more of such in¬ 
struction as this.”—Principal A. J. Bobb, Owego, N. Y. 

Cloth, 16mo, pp. 214. Price 7S ets. 

C. W. BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N, Y. 





THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS. 


500 Pertinent Questions in Civics. 

These cards, of which a specimen is here given, may be used with any 


283. What is the duty of the Committee on Ways and 
Means in the House? —(110) 

284. Why is there no Committee of Ways and Means 
in the Senate? —(133) 


text-book, or in any class, or by superintendent or school-commissioner 
when visiting schools, to test the pupils rapidly. They have proved of 
great service where the subject of civics is not regularly taught, for sug¬ 
gesting topics to be discussed in school; they have a wide use for this pur¬ 
pose among political equality cluhs. The cards are given out either to be 
answered at the time or to be taken home for study, and an individual in¬ 
terest is awakened that no formal instruction could arouse. There are 250 
cards, with two questions on each card. A Key accompanies each box, and 
the questions themselves give references by page to Northam’s Civil Gov¬ 
ernment for a full treatment of each subject. Price per box 50 cts. The 
questions and answers may also be had in pamphlet form for 15 cts. 

Besides the 330 questions in civics, there are 138 questions on business 
of eminently practical character, and 32 on the fundamental principles of 
parliamentary law, all dealing with points that every one ought to be fa¬ 
miliar with, but of which many are ignorant. 

Thus: 180. How are “letters patent” secured? 334. Must the words 
“for value received” appear on the note? 345. What is an “accepted 
draft” ? 351. Compare a note and a draft. 352. Compare a draft and a 
check. 387. Is a contract executed on Sunday valid ? 388. Is a contract 
written with a lead pencil valid ? 436. Why must a wife join with her hus¬ 
band in the conveyance of property ? 450. Can a minor make a will ? 476. 
How should a motion with an amendment to an amendment be managed ? 
485. How is an appeal from the decision of the chair managed ? 

There are few people so well informed as not to get much benefit from 
these questions. The University Extension Bulletin s&ys'. “ It is an inter¬ 
esting sign of civics activity when such books as the School Bulletin pub¬ 
lications in civil government become popular. This has many qualities 
attractive both to student and citizen. It is a catechism in the principles 
of business and political life.” 

C. W. BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N. Y. 






NO'/ id ^30S 


- THE SCHOOL HVLLETIN PUBLICATIONS^——— _ 

Honjliton’s Conspectus of Political Parties. 

Cloth. Quarto, pp- 100. Price $5.00. 

Do You Know the History of Political Parties? 

Can You Trace the Growth of the Tory, Whig, Federal, Democratic, 
and Republican parties, with all such temporary off-shoots as the Clintonian, 
Anti-Mason, Nullification, Loco-Foco, Hunker, Barnburner, Free-Soil, Silver- 
Gray, Anti-Nebraska, and the rest ? 

Would You Like to be able to explain these terms to your class in his¬ 
tory when you came to them ? 

Would You Appreciate a Colored Chart that made all these parties as 
plain as day, so that a glance would show what a week’s study would not 
fix? Then buy HOUGHTON’S CONSPECTUS. 

■\A/ It GtIttos, 

1. A Folded Colored Chart 5 feet long, with the history of all the Political 
Parties from the adoption of the Constitution to 1880. 

2. A Folded Colored Chart 5 feet long, with the Cabinets of all the Ad¬ 
ministrations, and the main political issues involved during the four years. 

3. A Colored Political Chart, double-page, showing the territory con¬ 
trolled by the Republican and that by the Democratic party in 1880. 

4. A Colored Chart showing the sources from which Government Rev¬ 
enue is derived. 

5. A Colored Chart showing the avenues into which Government Ex¬ 
penditure is directed. 

6. Four Colored Charts showing the political proportions of the States in 
various relations from 1789 to 1880. 

7. A Colored Map showing the Acquisition of Territory of the United 
States, and its division among the States and Territories. 

8. A List of all Presidential Candidates. 

9. Platforms of all Political Parties in all the campaigns. 

10. Lists of all the Governors of all the States. 

11. Much other Political Information of various kinds and in convenient 
form. 

1x3. &lla.ox*t. 

You will find here just the information so often asked and so seldom 
answered at Teachers’ Examinations and in private conversation. It is 
safe to say that the same amount of study could hardly be expended so 
profitably in any other direction. For Civil Government and History classes, 
it is invaluable. 

The most important features of this book, including the Colored Charts, 
may also be had in map-form, to be hung upon the wall, at the same price. 

C. W. BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N, Y. 






THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS 


Prentice’s History of New York State 

Th<? demand for a history of New York fuller than Hendrick’s History 
of the Empire State and brought down to date has led to the prep:U‘ation of 
this volume, which, it is believed, will meet the require u:eiits for sev(»ral years 
to come. It contains three times as ihuch material as llendricdc’s, and 
carries the narrative to 1900, endin;^ with the nomination of Gov. Koosevell, 
for vice-president. 

It divides the history of the State into eleven periods, and treats it in 
fift^'-ei^lit (dia];)ters, with six sui)plementary cha pters on education, colonial 
families, distinfruished citizens, New Vork in literature, the New York of 
lOOJ, and the counties of New York. Each chapter is of suitable length for 
a single reading or lesson, has a main thought about which all that is given 
is grouped, and is followed by topical questions. No eicori has been spared 
so to arrange and present the history as to make a fixed and vivid impression. 

To this end no less than 182 portraits have inserted, each in that 

place in the narrative where lh(' name is most conspicuous, and cadi with 
the date of birth and death. These portraits include those of every presi¬ 
dent of the Unit(‘d fstates and livery elect(*d governor of the State, each with 
the t(wm of such sc^rvice following the date of birth and death. All will 
recognize the helpfulness of these portraits, both in giving vividness to tlu^ 
narrative, and in familiarizing the pupils with the featun^s and the periods 
of the men lU’omineut in New York history. Other illustrations are given, 
and abundant maps show th(j locality of the events described. 

In the preface llie author speaks as follows: 


“ While ev(*ry citizen shoiihl have a general knowledge of the history of 
the State in which he liv(‘s, ihm-e arc special niasons why this is true of 
those who dw(dl in any one of the thirt<‘en original Suites. Theirs is the, 
history of our country, of the formation of our goV(‘rnment, of the develop¬ 
ment of those institutions which every Americaui loves. Idicyv ari^ the par¬ 
ent States from whose union were begotten the whole sisterhood of tin* 
nation. - 1 = * ♦ 

“ In all this New York has borne a most honorable and important part. 


“ ^loreover, there is in her case an additional re.ason for the study of 
State history. Within an area-of only 49,170 siiuare mifi^s tlnu’e is a vast 
foreign-horn population such as h'W othfU* l.Ta 4 :e.; \ o-:s'''S. Tlie <*lHldren oi 
th(‘se, educated in her free public scliools, are tuitiU' d U; a rdni/e inihat 
honorabhi history which La so many native -born fainilies has been handtul 
down from father to sou from revolutionary times. 


For all tliese young men and women, whetlim* native or foreigu-boni, 
future citizens of the State, this book has be(*n written, in the hope that it 
will help them to know, and so to love, the great State in which it is their 
good fortune to have a home." 


Cloth, 16mo, pp. 530, ISJ maps, 188 portraits and other 

illustrations, 5^1.30 





STANT>ARD TEACHERS' LIBRARY, 1 


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



0 027 119 7M 


Bardeen’s Common Scliool LaAv. 


The revision of 1896, entirely rewritten, not only brings this standard 
text-book up to date, but adds much new matter, including a chapter on 
Rales and Regulations and the relations of teachers to the trustees and the 
superintendent. It is based on the New York consolidated school law as 
amended to date, but it gives references by page to the latest editions of the 
law’s of all the other States and Territories with more than 500 of the latest . 
judicial decisions in this country and in Europe. For norm.al schools and 
training classes the book, of course, is indispensable; and since School 
Law is one of the subjects required in uniform examinations in New York 
of all grades, the book is indispensable to teachers here, as well as without 
rival for the teachers of other States. 

The first thing a teacher wants to know about such a book is whether 
it can be depended upon. The highest authority in the country, the Har¬ 
vard Law Review, speaks as follows in the number for December, 1896: 

“ This admirable book, first published in 1875 and for twenty years the 
only text-book on the subject for general use, has now for the first time 
been entirely rewritten. In its present form it is of general interest, and, 
it would seem, of practical necessity to the teacher. Part I, which has to 
do with school officers, is based almost entirely on New York law, but Part • 

II, which relates particularly to the teacher, is a .safe guide throughout the 
country both in school and in court. * * * q’fie author cannot be too 
highly commended in that avoiding the common error of trying to draw 
hard and fast lines, he contents himself with illustrating by copious and apt 
quotation of legal decisions the various views possible, on disputed points, 
and the application of such rules as admit of definite statement.” 

The following are other testimonials from standard legal authorities: 

It seems to us that the work must be invaluable to trustees, as well as 
teachers, because innumerable questions concerning proper school rules, 
their enforcement, the line between proper and improper authority on the . . ' 

part of teachers, the subjects of punishment, expulsion, wages, and kindred .. V , 

topics, are gone into.— JVew Jersey Law Journal, Oct., 1896. 

Idle book contains a very complete tabular analysis of its contents, as 
well as a list of references to Superintendents’ Decisions in the State of 
New York, and to statutes of the various States. It will undoubtedly be use-. *, 

fill to both lawyers and teachers.—ylm. Law Register and Review, Oct., 1896. 

This compact little book has been invaluable to the teacher, school 
officer and lawyer. Of the new edition it is sufficient to say that it will be 
even more useful than former editions.— Lancaster Law Review, Aug. 3,1896. 

The decisions of the courts in different States are very fully noted and 
cited. The book will prove very useful to the lawyer, as well as a work of 
much importance to the school officer and teacher.—Amencftn Lawyer 
Aug., 1896. ’ ^ 

16mo, pp. 276, Clotli $1.00; Manilla 50 ets. '.^ 5 * 

C. W. BAKI>1CEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N, Y» 






